简介：MySQL 密码重置教程本教程适用于 MySQL 5.7+ 和 MySQL 8.0+，涵盖 Linux 服务器和 macOS 系统。目录确认 MySQL 版本和安装方式停止 MySQL 服务以安全模式启动 MySQL重置密码重启 MySQL 服务验证新密码常见问题排查1. 确认 MySQL 版本和安装方式# 查看 MySQL 版本 mysql version # 查看 MySQL 安装位置 which mysql2. 停止 MySQL 服务Linux (Ubuntu/Debian)sudo systemctl stop mysql # 或 sudo service mysql stopLinux (CentOS/RHEL)sudo systemctl stop mysqld # 或 sudo service mysqld stopmacOS (Homebrew 安装)brew services stop mysqlmacOS (官方安装包)sudo /usr/local/mysql/support files/mysql.server stopDockerdocker stop <容器名或ID>3. 以安全模式启动 MySQL安全模式会跳过权限验证，允许无密码登录。Linux (Ubuntu/Debian/CentOS)sudo mysqld_safe skip grant tables &如果 mysqld_safe 不在 PATH 中：# Ubuntu/Debian sudo /usr/sbin/mysqld skip grant tables user=mysql & # CentOS/RHEL sudo /usr/sbin/mysqld skip grant tables user=mysql &macOS (官方安装包)sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe skip grant tables &macOS (Homebrew)/usr/local/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe skip grant tables & # 或 (Apple Silicon) /opt/homebrew/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe skip grant tables &等待 5 10 秒让 MySQL 完全启动。4. 重置密码4.1 连接到 MySQLmysql u root如果连接失败，尝试指定 socket：# Linux mysql u root S /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # macOS mysql u root S /tmp/mysql.sock4.2 执行密码重置命令连接成功后，在 MySQL 命令行中执行：MySQL 8.0+FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '你的新密码';MySQL 5.7FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '你的新密码';MySQL 5.6 及更早版本FLUSH PRIVILEGES; SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('你的新密码');4.3 退出 MySQLEXIT;5. 重启 MySQL 服务首先停止安全模式的 MySQL：sudo killall mysqld mysqld_safe # 或 sudo pkill mysqld然后正常启动 MySQL：Linux (Ubuntu/Debian)sudo systemctl start mysqlLinux (CentOS/RHEL)sudo systemctl start mysqldmacOS (Homebrew)brew services start mysqlmacOS (官方安装包)sudo /usr/local/mysql/support files/mysql.server start6. 验证新密码mysql u root p输入新密码，如果成功登录则密码重置完成。7. 常见问题排查问题 1：Can't connect to server (2002 错误)原因：MySQL 服务未运行或未监听正确的端口/socket。解决方案：# 检查 MySQL 是否运行 ps aux | grep mysql # 检查端口监听 netstat tlnp | grep 3306 # 或 ss tlnp | grep 3306 # 检查 socket 文件 ls la /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Linux ls la /tmp/mysql.sock # macOS问题 2：Access denied (1045 错误)原因：密码错误或权限问题。解决方案：确保在 skip grant tables 模式下先执行 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;问题 3：mysqld_safe 找不到解决方案：# 查找 mysqld_safe 位置 find / name "mysqld_safe" 2>/dev/null # 或直接使用 mysqld sudo mysqld skip grant tables user=mysql &问题 4：MySQL 启动失败解决方案：查看错误日志# Linux sudo cat /var/log/mysql/error.log | tail 50 # 或 sudo journalctl u mysql no pager | tail 50 # macOS sudo cat /usr/local/mysql/data/*.err | tail 50问题 5：忘记 root 主机限制如果 root 用户被限制了主机访问，可以同时重置多个主机的密码：FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码'; ALTER USER 'root'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码'; ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码'; 允许任意主机连接附录：安全建议使用强密码：至少 12 位，包含大小写字母、数字和特殊字符限制 root 远程访问：生产环境避免使用 'root'@'%'定期更换密码：建议每 90 天更换一次使用密码管理器：避免遗忘密码快速参考命令操作Ubuntu/DebianCentOS/RHELmacOS (Homebrew)macOS (官方)停止服务sudo systemctl stop mysqlsudo systemctl stop mysqldbrew services stop mysqlsudo /usr/local/mysql/support files/mysql.server stop启动服务sudo systemctl start mysqlsudo systemctl start mysqldbrew services start mysqlsudo /usr/local/mysql/support files/mysql.server start查看状态sudo systemctl status mysqlsudo systemctl status mysqldbrew services list`ps aux \grep mysql`安全模式sudo mysqld_safe skip grant tables &同左同左sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe skip grant tables &